MONDAY QUARTERBACKING: INEC
FAILS A SIMPLE ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY TEST
By
Mobolaji
E. Aluko, Ph.D.
INTRODUCTION
For
many personal reasons, I am very sorry to say so, but it is likely that Dr. Abel
Guobadia’s tenure as Nigeria’s Electoral Commission chief will go down as
the worst in our country’s checkered history, and that his supervisor, our
beleaguered but well-traveled President Olusegun Obasanjo, will have to take the
full blame for it.
Why
do I say this? Three years now since he took over (on May 26, 2000) from the departed Justice Ephraim Akpata
(who died January 8, 2000), Uncle Abel had not been able to add a single
Nigerian citizen to the electoral roll until Thursday, September 12, 2002.
The first set of elections, the local government elections, has been
postponed three times (March 30, then May 18, then August 10), such that at the
present time no date has been set for them.
No date has also been set for the more general elections of next year:
in fact, it is not certain whether the presidential, state and national
assembly elections will be held on the same day (as the National Assembly
demands) or on different days (as INEC and Mr. President prefer). To compound matters, we have a 2001 Electoral Law
co-existing with an approved 2002 Electoral Law (passed more than 30 days now
and lying on Mr. President’s table) that includes a line repealing the 2001
Electoral Law.
Now
an effort to rectify one of the omissions has been bungled: a
simple event of registering people to vote in Nigeria, delayed since 1999 when
Guobadia became INEC Chairman in succession to the deceased Justice Ephraim
Akpata, has just ended in a fiasco. It
THE
PRESENT REGISTRATION EXERCISE
In
simple mathematical terms, what was he called upon to do between Thursday
September 12, and Saturday
September 21, now extended for 24 hours through today Monday September 23?
He was called upon to register approximately 60 million Nigerians in
120,000 registration centers within a 10 day period over roughly 10 hours each
day. Let us do the quick
mathematics: first he was called
upon to register on average 500 Nigerians per registration center.
In each center, he was required to register on average 50 Nigerians
per day – or on average 5 Nigerians PER HOUR.
That
is 1 Nigerian per 12 minutes for serial registration, or 1 Nigerian per hour if
there are 5 parallel ports for registration.
For
the literacy level of Nigeria, allowing on average 12 minutes per registration
would be a tall order. However, any
provision for more than one simultaneous port for registration – that is on
average greater than 24 minutes – should be more than adequate.
Three parallel ports allowing just over thirty minutes per registrant
would be excellent.
DETAILING
THE BUNGLES
Guobadia
and his co-workers in INEC bungled the exercise, with many people not being able
to register (including – read this – INEC spokesperson himself Mr. Opoko!);
others supposedly registering more than once; yet some other under-age
registering – like the child in the attached picture – registering.
And the howler of all: INEC
officials have been accused by other INEC officials of “hoarding” voter
cards in order to sell them to highest-bidder politicians and other operatives!
Only
in Nigeria!
Now
I can understand it when somebody
registers more than once: after
all, if all you ask me at the registration
desk is my name and age and where I live, and there is no independent
VERIFICATION as to whether that is who I really am.
If I suspect that during voting later on, there will be no IDENTICATION
as to whether who I am is the person using my voting card, then either because I
LOVE my candidate so much that I want to vote more than once for him, or else I
still want to vote just ONCE but I wish to sell my SURPLUS voter cards to the
highest bidders, then it would be foolish, in fact, anti-capitalistic for us to
expect that in a voting exercise involving 60
million people, many impoverished,
there will not be hundreds of thousands willing to test the exercise in such a
dubious way.
Ditto
for the under-age, who clearly are less interested in the voting than in the
registration, since it is likely that some adults are in cahoots with them.
Imagine an obvious six-year old child on the registration line, with five
conniving adults right behind him. He
gets to the registration table. The
officer says, “You are too young to register!”
The young man - let us call him Yahaya - says,
“No, I am 18.” The officer
says, “No way!” Then the
clearly older people just behind him say, “No!
We know him! He is older
than 18!” When the officer
refuses, the older people say that they will not register UNTIL the child is
registered, and then proceed to threaten to hold the whole exercise up!
If
these conniving adults hold their grounds, even a policeman nearby cannot budge
them. Of course, we know that a
true and authenticated birth certificate would have solved this particular issue
when there is reasonable doubt. But
is ANYBODY asked to produce a birth certificate in ANY of these registration
exercises? Of course not!
So how can such an event as this child registrant be avoided under the
present circumstances?
No
way! Now one can see where a
picture ID card with a birthdate and picture on it would at least weed out this
under-age problem in a clear manner! [How
the ID cards are issued are a separate matter.]
But
what puzzles me most are the INEC officials who are HOARDING electoral cards. That I do not understand how they hope to get away with it.
Let
me explain my puzzle.
These
registration cards were obviously not left on the side streets for people to
pick up. There are roughly 2 or 3
PAID INEC officials per registration site, whose names are known, who report to
an INEC office and get paid at the end of the month.
They must have been assigned an average of 500 cards per registration center, naturally coded against the
registration number – let us say RC1/VC001 to VC500 etc. (Reg Center 1);
RC2/VC001 – VC500, (Reg Center
2); RC1200000/VC001 to VC500 (Reg. Center 1200000).
So
how and why would they hoard? At
the end of the day, would they not be asked to account for the REGISTERED PEOPLE
using Voter Registration card VC001 to VC500 that each checked out to them (as
blanks) at the beginning of the exercise?
Or
am I missing something here?
Yes,
I probably am. You see, in the
first instance, the ENTIRE MONEY that INEC would pay these INEC officials from
the beginning of their training to the end of the registration if they
diligently did their work would NOT be as much as one of them ABSCONDING (and
never reporting back to INEC) with Registration card numbers VC201 to VC500 –
that is 200 cards at N1000 each - that they would get from unscrupulous
politicians. A cool N200,000 is just too tempting, even if the INEC
officials wonder how these would-be voters would eventually get onto the
voters’ roll.
Yes
– how would they get on the voters’ roll, since ostensibly their names have
not been entered by these absconded officials?
That
is still the real puzzle for me, that inquiring minds want to know.
Only
in Nigeria!
The
second scenario is the following: we
Nigerians don’t REALLY know our population, whether national, state or local
governments, certainly not ward-by-ward. So
there are some areas in Nigeria (let us call them Area 1) where there are FAR
MORE PEOPLE than the official count (say in Lagos), while there are areas (Area
2) in Nigeria where there are FAR less number of people.
Obviously, cards can QUICKLY
run out in Area 1, and an INEC official can withhold a few, creating an
artificial scarcity, to sell to the
highest political bidders who wish to ensure that despite the scarcity, as many
of their own supporters as possible get their hands on the card so that when
voting time comes, he has an advantage! That
is his crude way of calling out his supporters to register!
In Area 2 – typically those areas that have in previous censuses
INFLATED their numbers - children
can be pressed to be registered to make up the numbers; and both unveiled voters and particularly women in veils can
make repeated visits to the registration center in order to exhaust the surfeit
of registration cards!
Now
I get it!
DECONSTRUCTING
THE PROCESS
In
any case, the whole process stinks. It
stinks because this is how it has always been, this parody of democracy. Can anyone tell anyone else that this is the first time that
this kind of mal-registration has occurred before?
Not at all! It is just that
under the Guobadia/Obasanjo electoral regime, the malfeasance has been glaringly
revealed – and as the Yoruba would say our mad (national) relative “Omoye”
(INEC in this case) has now finally run naked onto the market square, despite
our best attempts to cover her up beforehand to save the family from
embarrassment.
Why
would an intelligent nation embark on an exercise as fundamental to democracy as
a voters’ registration that is so programmed to fail?
If you do not put in place (i) verification (who you say you are is who
you are), (ii) identification (who another says you are is who you are) and
(iii) duplication-elimination (you are here and some elsewhere
purporting to be you at the same time, or you are here and there at different
times) sub-processes, how can this programme succeed?
This
three-step process requires a photo-id for verification; a (possibly local)
electronic searchable/data-matching database for identification; but most
importantly a huge NATIONAL electronic database for instantaneous data matching
for duplication-elimination. This
is where the current revolution in the telecommunications industry will be most
helpful, and not just in the ostentatious display of extremely expensive GSM
mobile phones!
AND
WHAT IS NOW TO BE DONE?
It
is almost impossible to know what to advise INEC in the mess that it has found
itself. Asking for a long extension
of registration at this time is indeed an invitation to further fraud, without
the processes outlined above being in place.
One can only suggest the following half-measures at this time:
(1)
a comprehensive registration center-by-center audit by INEC of the voter
cards returned, preferably to be done at the capital of each state in the
presence of party officials AND the State Independent Electoral Commission.
This audit should both be electronic and manual – electronic using
biometric fingerprint detecting machines to decipher and store fingerprints –
and manual: those cards that are
rejected as not being fingerprints should be separated.
For example, there are reports that some unscrupulous registrants in
collusion with officials have been using palm kernels to simulate thumb
imprints!
(2)
the list of registrants with duplicate thumb-prints and non-thumb
imprints should be published, and a
few examples made of those caught.
(3)
It is only after we are certain about the extent of fraud can we know
whether we should open the exercise further to those who have been truly
disenfranchised, or cancel the entire process altogether.
Preferably, cancellation should be confined to
possibly to just those registration centers where the violation has been
egregious.
(4)
Then we can re-open the registration IN ONLY THOSE offending centers and
CONCENTRATE on positive identification by would-be registrants.
I
must confess that I am not entirely happy with the above recommendations the
milk is too far spilt - but that is the best that one can come up with at this
time. At the end of the day, only
the application of modern technology will enable the verification,
identification and duplication-elimination that are needed to make both the
registration and voting exercises credible, and start us all on a credible
electoral process.
We
shall be watching.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.vanguardngr.com/news/articles/2002/september/23092002/f1230902.htm
Voters'
registration: INEC probes forms' distribution
Vanguard,
Monday 23rd September, 2002
http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/article18
Mixed
reactions trail exercise, as citizens seek extension
Guardian,
Monday 23rd September, 2002
http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/article17
Lagos
creates affidavit centres for unregistered voters
Guardian,
Monday 23rd September, 2002
http://www.ngex.com/personalities/voices/se050402baluko.htm
Saturday
Essay: A Stubborn INEC, Looking for Trouble
Mobolaji
E. Aluko, Saturday, May 4, 2001
http://www.gamji.com/aluko15.htm
MID-WEEK
ESSAY: Local Council Polls and INEC - A Funny Game Is Going On Here!
Mobolaji
E. Aluko; April 11, 2002
http://www.ngex.com/personalities/voices/se093000baluko.htm
SATURDAY
ESSAY:On the Question of National IDs
Mobolaji
E. Aluko, September 30, 2000